Vocational Education is one of the sub systems in our National Education System. Generally, vocational education (Wardiman, 1998) has the following characteristics:
- It is intended to prepare students for the job market.
- It is based on a “demand-driven” approach (what the business or industry needs).
- It is focused on mastering the knowledge, skill, attitudes and values needed in the work environment.
- The true benchmark for students or graduates success is the performance in their job.
- The key success of vocational education is a strong relationship with the business or industry.
- It shall be responsive to anticipate the advancement of technology.
- It shall focus on “learning-by-doing” and hands-on-experience” principles.
- It requires up-to-date facilities for practice.
- It requires higher investment and operational costs compared to that of a general secondary education.